The Mystery of the Bottom: Strange Creatures Found in Salt Water

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

Description :

Have you ever pondered what lays beneath the surface of the water? The most amazing creatures are hidden in the deep blue! 

Should you wish to explore some of them, the following article will provide you with an overview.

1. Bioluminescent Octopus

When you watch the movie Avatar, you will be surprised by the pinkish creatures which look like fancy light bulbs illuminating in the dark. In the movie they are known as Pandoran flora. However, these creatures are not from fiction. They are quite real and the movie gets the idea from actual creatures living in the oceans. These creatures have developed the ability to create their own light and this technique is known as bioluminescence.

Like the creatures in the Avatar movie, this bioluminescent octopus glows with its own lights proving that Pandoran flora are real. This glowing ability exists to attract its prey. There are only a few bioluminescent octopus found half a mile deep in the Gulf of Maine.

There are ample strange deep sea creatures, which are the subject of scientific research and documentaries, such as the one below.

2. Goblin Shark

We live in an atmosphere having temperatures below 40 °C though summers are exceptional. However, underneath the deep sea, there are hydrothermal vents that are more than 100 °C temperature. These hydrothermal vents are fissures in the planet's surface and are commonly found near volcanic areas. Surprisingly enough, there are organisms living there. There are crabs, lobsters, different types of worms and some other creatures living near the hydrothermal vents. Sometimes the liquid coming from these hydrothermal vents reaches temperatures between 100 °C to 400 °C. 

Biology underneath the sea has always been an untold mystery. Part of the mystery is about to be revealed. Do you remember the scary looking fish in fresh waters in South American rivers? Maybe you are confused. But, if I say the word ‘Piranha,’ you would be like ‘oh… yes!’ Thus, there are many other strange creatures in the sea which look at least as scary as piranha.

Goblin sharks dwell in the deep sea and has scary looking sharp teeth. Though it looks scary, it does not cause any harm to humans because it feeds on bottom-feeding fish. It is known as a living fossil since the goblin shark is the only representative of its family. 

3. Humpback Anglerfish 

Humpback anglerfish is another scary looking fish with sharp teeth.

It is a deep water fish found in tropical and temperate oceans. 

4. Fangtooth

Fangtooth fish also looks scary because of its teeth.

The fangtooths are found in tropical and cold-temperate water and they do no harm to humans.

5. Christmas Tree Worm

Apart from all the scary looking strange creatures in sea, there are also fancy and beautiful strangers found in the ocean. The Christmas Tree Worm is one such beautiful creature found at Great Barrier Reef’s Lizard Island.

These worms use spiral branches as their breathing and feeding apparatus. Amazingly enough, the worm lives in a tube kind of thing and it withdraws like a tree when it is under attack or feels threatened.

6. Marrus Orthocanna 

Another weird creature is the Marrus Orthocanna which looks like a swimming rocket. This creature is microscopic and it is made up of multiple repeated units. It has multiple stomachs and tentacles.

These strange creatures are also known as physonect siphonophore and look like jellyfish. They are found in the North Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Arctic Ocean, North West Pacific Ocean, and so on.

7. Sea Pig

Sea pig is another strange creature found in the ocean. These creatures live at the bottom of deep oceans and are commonly found in the abyssal plain in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean. Typically they live at depths over 1000 meters.

They mostly find their food by digging deep-sea mud. Deep sea trawling holds a threat for sea pigs.

8. Harp Sponge

Harp sponge is also a fancy looking stranger found in sea water. This is a carnivorous deep sea sponge discovered deep down in the California coast.

Sponges eat bacteria and filter other microscopic organisms from the surrounding water.

9. Vampire Squids

Vampire squids are also found in temperate and tropical oceans.

These creatures are very small and they have retractile filaments that helps them to be given their name.

10. Red Lipped Batfish

One reason of existence for these strange sea creatures is evolution. Evolution allows diversity of creatures as they evolve with continued strength and progress. Darwin, whose name is linked with the theory of evolution, is also connected to the Galapagos Islands. Darwin wrote the book “The Origin of Species” after he visited Galapagos. One strange sea creature from the Galapagos Islands is the red lipped batfish, also known as Galapagos batfish.

Interestingly enough, the red lipped batfish actually has red lips. They are not good swimmers, so they walk on the ocean floor. These creatures feed on small fish, shrimps, and mollusks. They are found in depths of 3 to 76 meters in the oceans of the Galapagos Islands.

11. Blue Glaucus 

Blue glaucus is another gorgeous creature found in the deep sea. They are sea slugs and they are found in temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world.

Usually beautiful and colorful organisms indicate that they have stored toxins inside them, for instance blue glaucus have toxins inside them which they store to use for their own protection. 

Conclusion

In summary, there are many different types of strange creatures under the blue blanket. Some are pretty, making their own light and illuminate. Beautiful creatures like the aforementioned in this article can attract predators easily as they are so visible. On the other hand, some sea creatures look scary but do not harm humans. Some others look so weird you think they are the result of science fiction films. We have only listed a few from the strange sea creatures found at the bottom of the sea. It is profoundly evident that there are numerous more out there worth exploring! 

YOUR NEXT READ: 10 Gadgets to Help You Catch More Fish

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Is There Life on Exoplanets?

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

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Most of the planetary scientists believe that there can be at least one exoplanet in our Milky Way galaxy, which has life. They have also figured out that 20% of the sun-like stars that exist on the Milky Way are circled by planets, which has the same dimensions as Earth. These planets are located in habitable zones around the stars as well. Therefore, life on exoplanets has become a popular topic among planetary scientists in the modern world. 

The habitable zone of a planet can simply be defined as the area where the temperature is not too cold or too hot. These conditions help water to exist in those planets in the form of liquid. It is vastly known that life cannot survive without water in its liquid form. Therefore, while it has been figured out that there are about 2,000 exoplanets circling beyond our own sun, the possibility to have some sort of life in these planets depends on a variety of factors. The obliquity of the planet holds a prominent place among them. Obliquity can simply be defined as the angle of axis of a planet relative to its orbital axis around the parent starts.

The planet Earth has a low obliquity when compared to other planets. It rotates around an almost perpendicular axis of its own while rotating around the sun. Planetary scientists have figured out that the obliquity can vary from one planet to another. They believe that the planets with an extreme tilt have a very low chance of having life in it. 

Recently some research scientists as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology figured out that water exists on planets that have a very high obliquity as well. Therefore, we can keep some hope that life can exist in the planets with a high obliquity. They also figured out a shallow ocean with a depth of about 50m in a specific planet, which has a comfortable temperature. According to their calculations, the average temperature of that planet was about 60-70 degrees Fahrenheit per year. 

However, a planet with a high obliquity usually has an extreme and inhospitable climate. The North Pole would receive sunlight for a period of 6 months continuously and it would have to go through an unending night for the other six months. As a result, they believed that such a planet has a very little chance of having life. That’s mainly because the planet would freeze and boil throughout the year, which is really tough for life to exist. Nevertheless, this can differ under some conditions. For example, the oceans can store heat during the summer period and give it out during winter. This can create a somewhat mild climate in the planet. Therefore, we cannot neglect with extremely oblique planets by saying that they are not in a position to inhibit life. 

It has been assumed that the Milky Way has about 200 billion stars. In addition, it has been calculated that there are about 11 billion planets with “habitable” living conditions. All these consist of hydrogen gas and they are seething hot. The planetary systems have been established circling such stars. In fact, sticky and fine dust particles melt together to create rocky cores, which eventually turns into major planets. 

The very first exoplanet was discovered by research scientists 20 years ago. It was circling a sun like star and was named as 51 Pegasi b. Since then, they have discovered a large number of exoplanets, where most of them were smaller than their very first discovery. They even discovered an exoplanet, which is 150 smaller than 51 Pegasi b. 

Many different methods are being used by research scientists in order to discover new exoplanets in the Milky Way. The Doppler Shift method can be considered as the most popular one. This is an effective method, which can be used to discover giant planets that exist closer to fiery stellar planets. This is a sensitive method and is associated with a higher chance of discovering earth-like planets. 

Throughout the past two decades, scientists have figured out many other methods to discover exoplanets apart from the Doppler Shift method. The major drawback with the Doppler Shift method is that it cannot be used to discover smaller planets that have a wider orbit around the stars. However, the recently discovered methods are in a position to help the scientists with discovering such planets. At the end of 2015, they have been able to discover more than 1,900 exoplanets that belong to over 1,200 planetary systems. 

The Kepler Space Telescope of NASA helps a lot for the scientists to discover new exoplanets. It was launched back in 2009 and has discovered few thousand candidate planets up to now. Most of these candidate planets were confirmed as exoplanets by scientists. Several statistical methods such as the verification by multiplicity were used by the scientists to figure out whether they are in a position to inhibit life or not. The Kepler Space Telescope follows a unique methodology when discovering exoplanets. It differs a lot from the Doppler Shift method. This method searches for extremely small dips in stellar brightness when a specific orbiting planet passes ahead of the glaring face of parent star. 

In the meantime, the scientists at MIT spent their efforts in order to create a model of a highly oblique aqua-planet. This planet had the same dimensions of earth and it was positioned at a distance similar to the earth’s separation from sun. This 3D model simulated circulations among sea ice, atmosphere and ocean. The effects of winds and heat were also taken into consideration. They also created a motionless planet for comparison and discovered the possibility of having life in such a planet. They had the ability to control the obliquity of this planet and they discovered that the ocean absorbs heat during the summer period. 

Given the scientific evidence and ongoing research therefore it appears that it is not science fiction to believe in life in other planets. While there is still a long way to go before we start packing, we can keep our fingers crossed for the prospect of habituating an exoplanet in the near future.

KEEP READING: Dreaming About the Future of Space Tourism

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7 Great Natural Pain Relievers

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

Description :

If you've ever been debilitated by a sore back, you aren't alone: back pain is a very common problem. In fact, it is among the most common health complaints by Americans. 

The reason for this is simple: back pain can affect anyone.

The Causes of Back Pain

Though back pain can happen regardless of a person's age, gender, or physical health, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, there are certain things that increase the risk. These include getting older, being out of shape or overweight, genetics, underlying medical conditions (such as arthritis or tumors), jobs that involve physical exercise, poor posture, and smoking (smokers tend to heal from injuries slower than nonsmokers).

Ways to Relieve Back Pain Naturally

No matter how back pain affects you - whether it is acute or chronic, minor or extreme - it's likely that you want it gone. While help may be found through trips to a chiropractor, surgical intervention, and ingestion of anti-inflammatory medications, there are also natural ways to find relief.

Releasing Endorphins

Endorphins are natural pain relievers: they are chemicals the body releases to help block pain signals (in addition to pain, they can also ease anxiety, stress, and depression). One of the most effective ways for the body to produce endorphins is through aerobic exercise. Thus, regularly working out can help ease back pain. If the back pain prohibits you from certain types of exercising, consider something low impact, such as walking or water therapy.

Exercising Abs

The abdominal muscles play a major part in supporting your lower back, but they aren't generally exercised through normal, everyday activities. Thus, you must go out of your way to exercise them. You don't need to be so intense that you develop abs of steel, but exercising your core moderately can reduce discomfort significantly. After you're injured? Take it easy for a few days, then engage in gentle exercise until you feel better. 

Applying Ice and Heat

Ice and heat may be two of the oldest tricks in the injury book. This is because they serve different purposes that work together to eliminate soreness. Applying ice reduces inflammation and acts as a local anesthetic while heat helps blood circulate (which helps in the healing process) and inhibits the brain from receiving message of pain. Alternating these two treatments can be very helpful in easing all kinds of discomfort, including back pain.

Distract Yourself

Many of us, as children, probably scraped our knees and didn't realize we were in pain until we looked down to see gushing blood. This concept can apply to all kinds of pain, not just those that are the staple of childhood. Because pain isn't just a sensation, but also an interpretation by your brain, it does allow for some manipulation. You may find that distracting yourself from your pain can help ease it. Try doing this by working on a crossword, watching a comedy, or cooking a complicated meal.

Natural Herbs

In addition to the above, natural herbs may also serve as strong pain relievers.

Per NBC News, some of these herbs include:

Capsaicin

Found in chili peppers, capsaicin may be effective in reducing back pain, particularly if it is caused by arthritis. Topical capsaicin applied to the skin can temporarily reduce sensitivity in nerve receptors of the skin.

Fish Oil

Often taken for the heart, fish oil also contains chemicals that are successful in reducing inflammation. In a University of Pittsburgh study, two thirds of people suffering from neck and back pain were able to stop taking NSAIDS after ten weeks of ingesting cod-liver oil.

Arnica

Like fish oil, arnica also has anti-inflammatory properties. Those who orally take arnica often find decreased pain after suffering acute injuries and less swelling after surgery.

We hope to provide helpful advice to those with health related questions. If you need further medical help or information, we suggest visiting a professional or feel free to contact us for some guidance. 

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Six Awesome Family Vacation Ideas

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

Description :

If you happen to be planning or want to plan a family vacation and have run out of ideas, you have come to the right place! 

While it may not be very exciting, advanced planning is necessary to ensure a great, stress-free vacation, and the first step in planning ahead is picking your perfect vacation spot! Here are six awesome family vacation ideas that you can consider.

1. The Grand Canyon

This might sound rote, but it can actually be a fun and inspiring experience to visit the Grand Canyon. While it is a popular location, you have to make advanced reservations. You cannot wait until the last minute, especially if you want to experience some interesting things like the mule trip.

The South Rim is opened all year round. However, you can only access it during the months of May through October. If you have never been to the Grand Canyon, this is a great experience for the entire family. Its scenic view and awe-inspiring geography will positively captivate you.

2. The Outer Banks

In the state of North Carolina, the Outer Banks is a great place to visit during your family vacation. It is a chain of barrier islands connected to bridges and ferries. The beaches are magnificent.

Throughout the year, weather is usually mild. However, in August and September, you can expect a change in weather because of the hurricane season. The off-season is between September and May. You may be able to get better rates then.

3. Miami, Florida

Miami, Florida, is a hot (literally!) vacation spot where you will find so many things to do as a family. You can go shopping or visit the museum, zoo, and parks. Miami has many street fairs, concerts and festivals, as well. There will never be a boring day on your Miami vacation.

For active, outdoor fun, you can go scuba diving, sailing, biking, snorkeling and fishing. You can also play golf or tennis. And be prepared to do a lot of walking if you are a shopaholic! On South Beach, there are fun night clubs to enjoy, as well as a diverse cultural cuisine at exotic restaurants.

4. Maine Coast

The Maine Coast is a long stretch of white, sandy beaches. There are many hotels, rentals and beautiful beach villas to choose from. There are also restaurants located along the ocean.

You will be able to do all of your shopping in Freeport. The peak season is during July and August, but the best to vacation on the Main Coast is after Labor Day in September.

5. Great Wolf Lodge

If you live in a cold climate and want to escape the snow without leaving the country, the Great Wolf Lodge, an indoor water park, is a great option (especially if you have young kids!).

These indoor water park resorts can be found all over the country, including North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Texas, Wisconsin, Missouri and Kansas just to name a few. It’s also a great option if you live in a tropical climate (like Florida) and want to escape somewhere colder without being entirely at the mercy of snow!

6. Caribbean Cruise

To get away during the winter, you can opt for a Caribbean cruise. Places like the Bahamas, Jamaica and Barbados are ideal vacation spots all year round.

The climate is similar to Florida’s. A cruise offers fun and interesting things to do for the entire family!

Which one would you choose? 😍😎

GIVE THE GIFT OF MEMORIES: 5 Top Picks for Christmas Holiday Like a Fairytale

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Water Softener System - How Does It Work?

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

Description : 

One of the major nutrients that the human body needs on a regular basis is water. And not only is water one of the elements of nature but, as Leonardo da Vinci puts it, “Water is the driving force in nature.”

Every individual, whether it is in his office or in his home, needs access to safe and clean drinking water and yet water could have many problems such as: 

•  Various viruses and bacteria 

•  Hidden impurities 

•  Chemicals that have been added for purification 

•  Soluble and insoluble particulate matter 

•  Different tastes because of something known as hard water 

This is where the importance of water softener can be felt. So what is a water softener and how does it work? What is the process behind it? 

What is a Water Softener? 

A water softener is a device that helps to remove various kinds of components in the water, especially when it is hard water. By going through water softening process, such hard water gets converted into soft water that is good at many levels including: 

•  prolonging the life of pipes and tubes used in plumbing 

•  making water more safe because the metallic content has been removed and 

•  improving the lathering ability of soaps and detergents 

Why use Water Softening Process? 

Water is termed as hard water if it has minerals, metals and even particulate matter contained within it. Each country or region has a certain definition of what can constitute hard water. One of the universal measures that is used to denote hard water is something known as grains per gallon. If a sample of water has anywhere above 3.5 GPG or grains per gallon then it is denoted as hard water. The degree of hardness increases with a higher GPG count. 

Depending on your location, you will then need to go in for a water softener in order to enjoy healthier and softer water. 

How does a Water Softener Work? 

There may be several methods of water softening. But one of the most prevalent ones is something known as cation exchange. What this means is that when hard water is put through a water softener, then the device exchanges cations of calcium and magnesium which are commonly found in hot water; with cations from dissolved sodium chloride salt. 

The exchange process is conducted by either resin or plastic beads or something known as zeolites. The sodium ions are coated on this medium of exchange and when the hard water passes through this exchange it also triggers off a chemical reaction. As a result of this chemical reaction, the magnesium and calcium ions remain on the medium of exchange and the sodium ions take their place in the water. The resultant water that comes out of the water softener is soft. 

Most water softeners also use something known as flush back or recharge which allows the sodium solution to remain all charged up and ready for the next process of water softening. Other variations of water softeners include those that deliver descaling capabilities as well. So depending on how hard the water is in your location, you could go in for an appropriate water softener like WaterBoss.

(DISCLOSURE: This page contains affiliate links. If you purchase a product through one of them, I will receive a commission (at no additional cost to you). I only ever endorse products that I have personally used and benefitted from personally. Thank you for your support!) 

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Chemistry World : 3D Printing of a Soft Network

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

Description : 

3D Printing has the potential to revolutionize the way we make almost everything. Designers and engineers in the aerospace and automotive sectors have been using the process for decades to build prototypes. Many complex parts manufactured by 3D Printing are now present on aircraft, satellites, medical industry etc. etc.

3D Printing technology is advancing rapidly and its cost is falling dramatically. And this means something that was once restricted to a few elite industries is quickly becoming  more widely available and affordable. It's going to open up so many new possibilities for new businesses, new business models, start-up companies, new products and much more!

Now lets learn about a synthetic material capable of performing some of the functions of living cells : Oxford University scientists have used a specially modified 3D prototype printer to lay down a network of interconnected, electrically conductive droplets. 

This technology could find it's way into tissue engineering applications, helping to support cells that are being grown into healthy new organs - replace damaged human tissue or deliver drugs to specific locations.

"We aren't trying to make materials that faithfully resemble tissues, but rather structures that can carry out the functions of tissues," says Professor Hagan Bayley, who led the research reported in the journal Science.

3D Printing lets you build an object as complex as an organ, layer by layer or droplet by droplet, explains Cameron Ferris a research associate from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science at the University of Wollongong.

Read the full story at Chemistry World.
Related topics : 3D Printing Technology - Make things by printing them : How it works
Science Nation - Printable Robots Designed to be Consumer friendly, Inexpensive
Hi-Tech & Custom Designed 3D Printed Prosthetics
The Tomorrow Project : Conversations about Synthetic Biology
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The Newest Eco-Friendly Apartment Building Trends

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

Description : 

The importance of conserving the Earth's limited resources finally seems like it's gotten through to mainstream culture in recent years. People are beginning to understand how crucial it is to find more efficient energy alternatives.

As of late, the use of environmentally friendly construction materials is on the rise. Many of these "green-living" ideas are implemented in today's modern apartments. When looking for a new apartment, here are some of the most popular ones to look for:

1. Strategic Orientation of a Home to Maximize Sunlight

Building an apartment in a location that receives a lot of sunlight is an ingenious way to save money on heating and lighting. Many engineers and architects are figuring out ways to design buildings that can take advantage of sunlight as much as possible. The orientation of the building makes a huge impact on how natural light is able to come through the windows, so strategic positioning is definitely an eco-friendly way to light up and heat up a place.

2. Exclusive Use of LED Lights

LED lights are a great choice for any apartment, house, business, or any situation where lighting is needed. Why? LED lights are not only brighter than the typical incandescent light bulbs, they are far more energy efficient too. Most LED lights give off a pleasant, white glow and only use about 20% of the energy that standard bulbs use. Renters can easily cut their electric bills in half after replacing all incandescent bulbs with LEDs.

3. Roofs Made from Copper

Metal roofs, especially copper roofs, are becoming a stylish choice in the world of apartments. First, they are quite inexpensive to purchase and install, and they also require very little maintenance. Secondly, they look great when paired with the right architecture. Copper roofs have a very long life span, with up to a century of use. Finally, they can be recycled with ease. What's not to like?

4. Rainwater Collection Units

If people have survived on rainwater for countless years, why can't we make use of it today? Rainwater collection units are set up in strategic locations around the apartment to collect the runoff. This water can then be used for watering the lawn and garden and general cleaning use.

5. Counter Tops Made from Easily Accessible Wood Sources

Granite counter tops have been popular for many years, but it seems that cheap, wood counters are spreading like wildfire through many apartment complexes. What's the appeal of wooden counter tops? Aesthetically, they obviously look good. More importantly, wooden counter tops that come from rapid growing trees like bamboo do much less harm to our forests and environment. When slow-growing trees are used for wood, the environment takes a much bigger hit because animal homes are lost and oxygen production is halted for a much longer amount of time.

6. Water-Saving Toilets

Using the restroom is something that all civilized people must do, flushing the toilet is an unavoidable consequence. Compared to standard toilets, those designed to conserve water can cut water consumption by 20%. These efficient systems can significantly decrease your water bill and put more money in your pocket.

7. Electric Stove Tops

Induction stovetops are much more eco-friendly than gas versions because far less energy is lost when turned on. Heat transfer through physical contact is a better alternative to turning on a flame that burns your money away with every use.

YOU MIGHT LIKE: Tips On Making Your Office Greener

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Tips On Making Your Office Greener

Posted by Andreas Christodoulou

Description : 

As we are all members of this planet, it is our duty to do our part to keep it looking beautiful. In an office setting, it could be difficult to keep this in mind while completing your daily tasks.

License: Creative Commons

But being a little bit greener is not difficult and should not have to inconvenience you or your workers at all. Simple changes, like conserving electricity, using recycled office supplies, and cutting waste, are just a few ways you can do your part in healing the Earth.

Conserve Energy When Possible

One way to make an office greener is to conserve the use of energy when possible. Obviously, with computers as part of our every day lives, electricity is vital, but it can be minimized. Installing motion sensors on the lights in offices is a great way to cut electricity uses. This way, if someone forgets to turn off a light in their office, after a while, it will automatically shut off. Furthermore, urging everyone to turn off their computers at night could drastically reduce energy consumption. If possible, installing solar panels will substantially reduce energy use and also save money.

Use Recycled Office Supplies

As the world has yet to go completely paperless, it's impossible to stop your office from using natural resources, but things can be done to reduce the collective carbon footprint of the office. The easiest way is to use recycled office products, namely, recycled printer paper. But it does not have to stop there. There are other recyclable office materials that can not only save you money, but also, help save Mother Earth. For example, aftermarket toner is a recycled form of toner that is cheaper and greener, and it is an easy change to implement in your office.

Cut Waste

Cutting waste is an important part of going green, but sometimes waste can sneak up on you in aspects that you wouldn’t think about. Does your company have a water cooler? If it does, consider making the switch away from disposable cups. Instead, persuade your employees to switch to refillable plastic or metal bottles, maybe even hand them out as a gift. It would also be helpful to educate them on what can and cannot be recycled. Some times, the greatest ally you can have in trying to be conservative is knowledge, so a quick seminar about where to put certain materials could save time, money, and especially, the environment in the long run.

Check us out on Twitter (@andreaschriscy, #officialandreascy) to see what else we have to say!

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